Nanopartículas en los lodos de depuradoras puede terminar en la cadena alimentaria

Las plantas y los microbios pueden absorber las nanopartículas sintéticas aumentadon la concentración dentro de los depredadores en la cadena alimentaria, según dos nuevos estudios.

Las nanopartículas se pueden hacer de un sinnúmero de diferentes materiales y su seguridad no está bien entendida. Sin embargo, las partículas minúsculas se infunden en cientos de productos de consumo  que van desde coberturas transparentes para alimentos  hasta calcetines antiolor.

A partir de ahí, se pueden arrastrar en el drenaje, en última instancia, terminan en los lodos residuales de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales. Alrededor de tres millones de toneladas de lodos secos para darles salida posteriormente se mezcla con el suelo agrícola.

Toca comer. Nanopartículas en lodos. Marisol Collazos Soto

«Queríamos estudiar la posibilidad de las nanopartículas de entrar en la cadena alimentaria de esta manera», dijo el toxicólogo ambiental Paul Bertsch de la Universidad de Kentucky. «Lo que encontramos nos sorprendió realmente.»

Las nanopartículas sintéticas son cerca de 1 a 100 nanómetros de tamaño (tan pequeños como algunos virus) y de plata de ley, dióxido de titanio, óxido de zinc y otras sustancias. En virtud de su pequeño tamaño y estabilidad, pueden anular los olores, evitar la descomposición de los alimentos y absorber la dañina radiación ultravioleta, entre otras hazañas.

Pero el conocimiento sobre sus impacto para el medio ambiente se encuentra todavía en un estado de  infancia,  según Bertsch.

Para explorar la absorción de las nanopartículas en la cadena alimentaria, el equipo de Bertsch cultivó plantas de tabaco en un invernadero hidropónico. Mientras que las plantas crecieron, el equipo agregó nanopartículas de oro muy estable al agua para imitar las nanopartículas de los consumidores en los lodos de aguas residuales.

Las nanopartículas de oro acumulado en el tejido de la hoja de tabaco, y  los gusanos picudos del tabaco que se comieron las plantas acumulan concentraciones de nanomateriales de seis a 12 veces mayores que en la planta.

«Esperábamos que [las nanopartículas] se acumulasen, pero no biomagnificarse así», dijo Bertsch, coautor del estudio.

Los microbios depredadores, en un estudio separado, publicado el 19 de diciembre en la revista Nature Nanotechnology, también mostraban niveles concentrados de nanopartículas de seleniuro de cadmio después de comer más  los microbios.

«Para mí, es realmente interesante ver dos modelos diferentes con dos diferentes nanopartículas  que llegan a conclusiones  que se refuerzan entre sí», dijo Patricia Holden, un microbiólogo del medio ambiente en la Universidad de California, Santa Bárbara,  coautora del estudio basado en los microbios.

Por lo menos cinco agencias gubernamentales (EPA, FDA, NIH, el NIOSH y NIST) han acogido esfuerzos para investigar los riesgos de la nanotecnología para la salud y el medio ambiente. Y mientras que los metales pesados y otras toxinas en los lodos son regulados por el gobierno federal, las nanopartículas artificiales no lo son. Eso puede ser motivo de preocupación dado el amplio uso de los lodos en suelos, donde las nanopartículas se acumulan con el tiempo.

Fuente: WIRED SCIENCE

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7 Responses to “Nanopartículas en los lodos de depuradoras puede terminar en la cadena alimentaria”

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